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The EMC Index, which tracks how people think and feel about their jobs, shed a point in September after four months of record highs.

September 16, 2025

Employee sentiment dipped in September

The EMC Index remained steady in September after a run of record highs. Sentiment weakened among workers in manufacturing, health care, and information.
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September 16, 2025

The job market is telling us something about consumers

by Nela Richardson, Ph.D.

Consumers are the heartbeat of the U.S. economy, accounting for two-thirds of its growth. But let’s not forget that most of those consumers don’t just spend. They also work. And lately, the symbiosis between the job market and retail spending is getting more entwined.
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September 9, 2025

Behind the big picture 

by Nela Richardson, Ph.D.

Last week’s economic data delivered new evidence that employment has slowed in 2025. But there’s more to the job market than the pace of hiring. Pay growth, hours worked, and productivity are combining to make the jobs picture more complex than the sum of its parts. Here is a look at how these three components operate in the background of the labor market and how they can shift the economic landscape.
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August 19, 2025

In a transition, small changes add up

by Nela Richardson, Ph.D.

This week, the Federal Reserve holds its annual conference in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, where some 120 central bankers, finance leaders, and academics gather to discuss important global issues. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell caps the meeting with a much-anticipated speech on Friday. For Main Street, there’s more to this gathering than Powell’s 20-minutes address that, by design, isn’t likely to articulate what’s next for interest rates. That’s a topic for another day.
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August 12, 2025

New hires, old pay 

by Nela Richardson, Ph.D.

In recent months, pay has grown at a relatively steady pace for both job-stayers and job-changers for the past several months. But this data tracks only two subsets of the working population. If we zoom out to get a bigger picture, we see that pay for new hires—that big group of people who are brand new to a particular employer—has been stagnant for more than a year. When it comes to pay, new hires are in a rut.
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July 22, 2025

The pandemic changed the U.S. labor market. Here’s how. 

by Nela Richardson, Ph.D.

It’s been five years since Covid-19 lockdowns brought parts of the U.S. economy to a halt. While the crisis has passed, its impact on the labor market, especially wages, is still unfolding.
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July 18, 2025

You’ve graduated. Now what?

by Sam Adieze

As college graduation parties wind down, new degree-holders are embarking on their next path: deciding where to work. A competitive salary in a bustling metropolitan hub might be tempting. But as we wrote last year, the true value of a paycheck depends on more than just the number on an offer letter. And before you can spend those dollars, you need to land the job. 
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July 15, 2025

Gaming the odds of a pay raise in 2025? Flip a coin.

by Nela Richardson, Ph.D.

It’s a simple, but common, question for anyone with a job. Will I get a raise this year? Last week, we talked about the pandemic’s long-lasting effect on pay growth. Today, I’ll compare the current state of the labor market to where it was during the first half of 2019, the year before the pandemic began and the last year of the U.S. economy’s 10-year expansion.
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July 8, 2025

The pandemic changed the U.S. labor market. Here’s how.

by Nela Richardson, Ph.D.

It’s been five years since Covid-19 lockdowns brought parts of the U.S. economy to a halt. While the crisis has passed, its impact on the labor market, especially wages, is still unfolding. In February 2020, the U.S. economy was enjoying a Goldilocks moment. Unemployment was 3.5 percent, hiring was steady, and wages were rising modestly faster than inflation.
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